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Policy-based contracting in semantic web service markets

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Web services generalize the idea of the Web beyond the exchange of simple Web pages in order to enable the provision of a broad range of different services. By com- posing Web services, cross-organizational and collaborative business processes can be realized in a highly dynamic and flexible way, which is particularly important if services have to be automatically procured at runtime. However, achieving a higher degree of automation is obstructed by the informal nature of legal, contractual and organizational regulations, the numerous and complex service descriptions includ- ing manifold customization possibilities, and the open and heterogeneous nature of the Web service market.

In this thesis, semantic technologies that provide more explicit meaning of in- formation are employed to address these problems. These technologies facilitate the exchange of information in heterogeneous systems and increase the share of machine-understandable data accessible for automated decision-making. We intro- duce the Core Policy Ontology in order to capture regulations as well as preferences by means of goal and utility function policies, respectively. Furthermore, we in- troduce the Core Ontology of Bids that facilitates customization of Web services to specific user needs by efficiently representing highly configurable Web service of- fers and requests. Analogously, we derive the Core Contract Ontology from the Core Policy Ontology to formally represent Web service contracts. Thereby, we pro- vide an open, transparent and interoperable representation of contracts and enable a tight integration of contractual information with the collaborative business inter- actions they govern.
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