| For most of our history the wealth of a nation was limited by the size and stamina of the work force. Today, national wealth is measured in intellectual capital. Nations possessing skillful people in such diverse areas as science, medicine, business, and engineering produce innovations that drive the nation to a higher quality of life. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been studying the science and engineering of constructing intelligent systems. It is extensively used by combining with information science and technology. To better utilize these valuable resources, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has evolved at a rapid and significantly expanding rate. Nowadays, it is difficult to imagine the development of the modern world without extensive use of the AI and information technology and their integration that are rapidly transforming the global, knowledge-based economy as well as entire societies.
Most work in AI has focused on components of the overall system — such as learning, planning, knowledge representation, perception, and action. Information system/technology and intelligent knowledge management are playing an increasing role in business, science and technology. The breadth of the major application areas of intelligent, knowledge-based systems, and integrated intelligent information systems technologies is very impressive. These include, among other areas: agriculture, business, chemistry, communications, computer systems, education, electronics, engineering, environment, geology, image processing, information management, law, manufacturing, mathematics, medicine, metrology, |