Mechanics as a fundamental science in Physics and in Engineering deals with
interactions of forces resulting in motion and deformation of material bodies.
Similar to other sciences Mechanics serves in the world of Physics and in that
of Engineering in a different way, in spite of many and increasing interdependencies.
Machines and mechanisms are for physicists tools for cognition
and research, for engineers they are the objectives of research, according to a
famous statement of the Frankfurt physicist and biologist Friedrich Dessauer.
Physicists apply machines to support their questions to Nature with the goal
of new insights into our physical world. Engineers apply physical knowledge
to support the realization process of their ideas and their intuition. Physics is
an analytical Science searching for answers to questions concerning the world
around us. Engineering is a synthetic Science, where the physical and mathematical
fundamentals play the role of a kind of reinsurance with respect to
a really functioning and efficiently operating machine. Engineering is also an
iterative Science resulting in typical long-time evolutions of their products,
but also in terms of the relatively short-time developments of improving an
existing product or in developing a new one. Every physical or mathematical
Science has to face these properties by developing on their side new methods,
new practice-proved algorithms up to new fundamentals adaptable to new
technological developments. This is as a matter of fact also true for the field
of Mechanics.
In the 20th century a couple of significant ideas pushed forward the classical
field of dynamics, both, with respect to physics and with respect to
engineering. In the first half of the 20th century we had, seen from the standpoint
of physics, three theories of dynamics, Newtonian dynamics, relativistic
dynamics and quantum dynamics [257]. We had four decisive impacts the last
hundred years, two with respect to the basis of dynamics and two with respect
to applications.
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